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Cognitive flexibility in selected animal models of psychiatric disorders
Janíková, Martina ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adjust thinking and behavior based on changing conditions. Cognitive rigidity has been described in a variety of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and has been suggested to contribute to symptom maintenance. Therefore, we aimed to study cognitive flexibility and other behavioral characteristics in several rodent models relevant to schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In a two-hit mice model relevant to schizophrenia, we found the between-group difference in set- shifting and decreased number of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus of stressed female mice. Interestingly, we found no impairment in any other behavioral task. In two pharmacological rat models relevant to OCD, we showed that sensitization to D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole and serotonin 1A/7 agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task. The impairment was so severe that the reversal couldn't be tested. Surprisingly, drugs decreasing glutamatergic neurotransmission, memantine and riluzole, further impaired the performance in both models, although no such effect was observed when they were applied alone. Lastly, we showed that the knockout of a collapsin response...
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The use of virtual reality in therapeutic techniques of dealing with intrusive thoughts among patients with anxiety disorders.
Boss, Diana Isabela ; Hocko Fajnerová, Iveta (advisor) ; Dymešová, Gabriela (referee)
This thesis is a pilot study conducted under the auspices of the National Institute of Mental Health. The thesis explores the possibility of using virtual reality in the treatment of intrusive thoughts in anxious patients. In the theoretical part, the main topics, i.e. anxiety disorders, are described, focusing on generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, intrusive thoughts and virtual reality. The practical part focuses on the analysis of the research objectives. The first research aim is to test adequacy and acceptability of virtual reality in dealing with intrusive thoughts. The second aim is to compare the Stray Time technique (commonly used in the treatment of intrusive thoughts) presented in virtual reality to its classical form. Data were collected from patients, at the National Institute of Mental Health, admitted to Ward 1 or attending Day Care center 2. The objectives are validated using quantitative analysis methods. This analysis found evidence to support the adequacy and acceptability of virtual reality in the treatment of intrusive thoughts, as well as the comparability of Stray Time methods presented in virtual reality with the classical form. KEYWORDS virtual reality, intrusive thoughts, Scheduled Worry Time, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive...
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Family and school life of children with Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Pokorná, Kateřina ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hnilica, Karel (referee)
This thesis deals with the complications that brings obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) school-age children in the family and school life. It consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into the seven chapters and is drawn from the knowledge of professional literature and Internet sources. This section consists of basic information about OCD, the etiology, diagnosis, treatment options. The last three chapters deal with the consequences of obsessive-compulsive disorder and problems that OCD brings to family and school life. The practical part is an empirical investigation dealing with the main objective of the work, which is based on an analysis of complications that brings obsessive-compulsive disorder of school-age children in the family and school life. Survey results was achieved through open, axial and selective coding, which allowed delineation create grounded theory. It was found that OCD manifests in childhood and brings negative consequences not only for family but also for the school life of the child, especially in the form of disturbed domestic atmosphere and the inability to concentrate on teaching.
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Hippocampus Dysfunction in Quinpirole Sensitization Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Brožka, Hana ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee) ; Kelemen, Eduard (referee)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric condition manifested by repeated thoughts followed by stereotypic compulsive behavior. Alterations to cortico-thalamo-striato- cortical circuits are most often implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, many studies have also found a changed volume, shape and activity of the hippocampus in OCD patients. This work focused on the activity of hippocampal CA1 cells during stereotypical checking behavior and on cognitive flexibility in a quinpirole (QNP) sensitization model of OCD. The activity of CA1 hippocampal cells during stereotypical checking was assessed in an enriched open-field test in QNP sensitized rats. Arc+ (activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) mRNA expression profiles were determined in CA1 coronal hippocampal sections following stereotypical checking. After the establishment of stereotypical checking (10 sessions), rats were exposed to the arena and sacrificed after 5 minutes. QNP sensitized animals visited the same objects with the same frequency as during previous sessions, while control rats did not. Locomotor activity was comparable between QNP treated rats and controls. Following sacrifice, rat brains were flash frozen and sliced to 20 µm thick sections. Sections, mounted on slides, were hybridized...
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Social work methods and their effectiveness used for clients with mental disorders
Pomahačová, Kateřina ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
In thesis on the topic "Social work methods used in clients with mental disorders and their effectiveness" I focus on the terminology. I am going to learn basic information about selected mental disorders such as schizophrenia, affective disorders, specifically bipolar disorder, neurotic disorders, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder and lastly personality disorders, namely borderline personality disorder. Next, I am going to focus on the treatment possibilities of mental disorders, where I speak about the prevention and social worker approach. I continue with social survey and treatment&care for people with mental disorders. Finally, I am going to write about social work methods. The main goal of my thesis was to find what methods of social work are used at work with clients suffering mental disorders. Also if in practice are any methods used and what kind of method is used most often. My next goal was to find out the effectiveness of the methods used in social work. I used survey by a questionnaire. The survey contains 11semi-open questions. After that I concluded that methods of social work are provided to clients with mental disorders and all methods of social work for the mentally ill are used. That means work with an individual, family, group, community, psychiatric rehabilitation,...
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Hippocampus Dysfunction in Quinpirole Sensitization Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Brožka, Hana ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee) ; Kelemen, Eduard (referee)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric condition manifested by repeated thoughts followed by stereotypic compulsive behavior. Alterations to cortico-thalamo-striato- cortical circuits are most often implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, many studies have also found a changed volume, shape and activity of the hippocampus in OCD patients. This work focused on the activity of hippocampal CA1 cells during stereotypical checking behavior and on cognitive flexibility in a quinpirole (QNP) sensitization model of OCD. The activity of CA1 hippocampal cells during stereotypical checking was assessed in an enriched open-field test in QNP sensitized rats. Arc+ (activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) mRNA expression profiles were determined in CA1 coronal hippocampal sections following stereotypical checking. After the establishment of stereotypical checking (10 sessions), rats were exposed to the arena and sacrificed after 5 minutes. QNP sensitized animals visited the same objects with the same frequency as during previous sessions, while control rats did not. Locomotor activity was comparable between QNP treated rats and controls. Following sacrifice, rat brains were flash frozen and sliced to 20 µm thick sections. Sections, mounted on slides, were hybridized...
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Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder in Social Work Practice
Hudcová, Josefina ; Žáčková, Hana (advisor) ; Krahulcová, Beáta (referee)
9 Summary This thesis deals with obsessive-compulsive disorder in connection with the practice of social work. It draws attention to numerous problems of anxiety disorders in society, risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders and risks in the social sphere. It also analyzes in detail obsessions, compulsions, manifestations and diagnosing of OCD and, last but not least, the practice of social work with the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Social work with people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder may be more challenging overall, requiring increased patience, knowledge of social workers, and the ability to use some important methods. The same importance is dedicated to managing clients to refer to follow-up professional help. People with OCD deserve support from experts and acceptance by the public, which is also a reason why it is so important to have knowledge of obsessive-compulsive disorder and do not underestimate this issue..
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Neuronal activity during stereotypical behavior in quinpirole induced animal model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Alexová, Daniela ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Jana (referee)
The main aim of this study was to determine the changes in neuronal activity of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) in rats sensitized to D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) during exploration of enriched open field arena. During the experiment, the evaluation of behavioural changes induced by quinpirole sensitization were also assessed and compared to previous results. For the purpose of this study, twenty-two adult male Long-Evans rats were used. The half of the rats was sensitized to QNP by receiving daily subcutaneous injections of quinpirole (0,5 mg/kg) while the other half received saline. Both groups were habituated for ten days to open-field arena enriched with two metal objects. The behaviour of animals was videotaped and the data about locomotion and the number of visits of each locale was obtained. On the eleventh day, the part of saline and quinpirole treated groups explored the open-field arena (t = 5 min) while the other two subgroups were left as respective cage-controls. Immediately after the end of experiment, all rats were sacrificed, and the extracted brains were cryopreserved. To determine the changes in neuronal activity of selected brain regions, fluorescence in situ hybridization of immediate early gene Arc was...
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Inhibition control in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Francová, Anna ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The response inhibition ability is part of executive functions, which may be defined as a set of higher cognitive processes particularly located in the frontal-subcortical circuits. Since the main obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms seem to be relevant to the inability of inhibiting certain stimuli, it can be assumed that response inhibition in these patients will be disrupted. Studies related to this topic have brought inconsistent results. Our research dealing with OCD patients has focused on two dimensions of the response inhibition - the behavioral inhibition, which generally includes the behavior control (for instance impulse control), and the cognitive interference, which is considered to be the cognitive component of inhibition process and is mostly associated with the control of internal cognitive processes. The first part of our research included the verification of hypothesis, stating that the increased severity of obsession is associated with the degree of disrupted ability of cognitive interference, while the severity of compulsions correlates with the degree of disrupted performance in tests measuring behavioral inhibition. The second research objective was to clarify whether the inhibition response ability was different between patients when the predominance of symptoms was...
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